An eSIM is a SIM card built into your phone. There is no tiny plastic chip to pop out and swap. Instead, your phone downloads the SIM as a file. That file tells your phone which network to use and which data plan you paid for.
For a trip to Bulgaria, this means you can buy your plan at home, set it up before you fly, and land in Sofia already online. No shop visits. No swapping out your normal SIM. Your home number stays in your phone the whole time.